.htaccess adalah file yang dapat berisi perintah-perintah untuk webserver Apache. Ditaruh di sebuah direktori di bawah document root website dan akan perintah-perintah yang di dalamnya akan berefek pada file-file maupun subdirektori di bawah direktori tersebut.
Dengan .htaccess kita dapat memproteksi sebuah direktori, mengubah opsi tampilan direktori oleh Apache, mengubah asosiasi ekstensi dan handler, dll. Intinya, hampir segala sesuatu kustomisasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh Apache, dapat kita terapkan di .htaccess ini. File .htaccess adalah perpanjangan file konfigurasi Apache yang dapat tersebar di setiap direktori yang diinginkan.
Berikut ada beberapa perintah .htaccess yang bisa ditempatkan pada hosting kita sesuai kebutuhan
Dengan .htaccess kita dapat memproteksi sebuah direktori, mengubah opsi tampilan direktori oleh Apache, mengubah asosiasi ekstensi dan handler, dll. Intinya, hampir segala sesuatu kustomisasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh Apache, dapat kita terapkan di .htaccess ini. File .htaccess adalah perpanjangan file konfigurasi Apache yang dapat tersebar di setiap direktori yang diinginkan.
Berikut ada beberapa perintah .htaccess yang bisa ditempatkan pada hosting kita sesuai kebutuhan
- Enable Directory Browsing
Options +Indexes
## block a few types of files from showing
IndexIgnore *.wmv *.mp4 *.avi- Disable Directory Browsing
Options All -Indexes
- Customize Error Messages
ErrorDocument 403 /forbidden.html
ErrorDocument 404 /notfound.html
ErrorDocument 500 /servererror.html- Get SSI working with HTML/SHTML
AddType text/html .html
AddType text/html .shtml
AddHandler server-parsed .html
AddHandler server-parsed .shtml
# AddHandler server-parsed .htm- Change Default Page (order is followed!)
DirectoryIndex myhome.htm index.htm index.php- Block Users from accessing the site
<limit GET POST PUT>
order deny,allow
deny from 202.54.122.33
deny from 8.70.44.53
deny from .spammers.com
allow from all
</limit>- Allow only LAN users
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from 192.168.0.0/24- Redirect Visitors to New Page/Directory
Redirect oldpage.html http://www.domainname.com/newpage.html
Redirect /olddir http://www.domainname.com/newdir/- Block site from specific referrers
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} site-to-block\.com [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} site-to-block-2\.com [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]- Block Hot Linking/Bandwidth hogging
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?mydomain.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg)$ - [F]- Want to show a “Stealing is Bad” message too?
Add this below the Hot Link Blocking code:
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg)$ http://www.mydomain.com/dontsteal.gif [R,L]- Stop .htaccess (or any other file) from being viewed
<files file-name>
order allow,deny
deny from all
</files>- Avoid the 500 Error
# Avoid 500 error by passing charset
AddDefaultCharset utf-8- Grant CGI Access in a directory
Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl
# To enable all scripts in a directory use the following
# SetHandler cgi-script- Password Protecting Directories
Use the .htaccess Password Generator and follow the brief instructions!
- Change Script Extensions
AddType application/x-httpd-php .gnegne will now be treated as PHP files! Similarly, x-httpd-cgi for CGI files, etc.- Use MD5 Digests
Performance may take a hit but if thats not a problem, this is a nice option to turn on.
ContentDigest On
- The CheckSpelling Directive
From Jens Meiert: CheckSpelling corrects simple spelling errors (for example, if someone forgets a letter or if any character is just wrong). Just add
CheckSpelling On to your htaccess file.- The ContentDigest Directive
As the Apache core features documentation says: “This directive enables the generation of Content-MD5 headers as defined in RFC1864 respectively RFC2068. The Content-MD5 header provides an end-to-end message integrity check (MIC) of the entity-body. A proxy or client may check this header for detecting accidental modification of the entity-body in transit.
Note that this can cause performance problems on your server since the message digest is computed on every request (the values are not cached). Content-MD5 is only sent for documents served by the core, and not by any module. For example, SSI documents, output from CGI scripts, and byte range responses do not have this header.”
To turn this on, just add
ContentDigest On.- Enable Gzip – Save Bandwidth
# BEGIN GZIP
<ifmodule mod_deflate.c>
# Combine the below two lines - I've split it up for presentation
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/text text/html text/plain text/xml text/css
application/x-javascript application/javascript
</ifmodule>
# END GZIP- Turn off
magic_quotes_gpc
# Only if you use PHP
<ifmodule mod_php4.c>
php_flag magic_quotes_gpc off
</ifmodule>- Set an Expires header and enable Cache-Control
<ifmodule mod_expires.c> ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 seconds" ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 7200 seconds" ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 518400 seconds" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 518400 seconds" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 518400 seconds" ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 518400 seconds" ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 216000 seconds" ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 216000 seconds" </ifmodule><ifmodule mod_headers.c> # Cache specified files for 6 days <filesmatch "\.(ico|flv|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|css|swf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=518400, public" </filesmatch> # Cache HTML files for a couple hours <filesmatch "\.(html|htm)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=7200, private, must-revalidate" </filesmatch> # Cache PDFs for a day <filesmatch "\.(pdf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=86400, public" </filesmatch> # Cache Javascripts for 2.5 days <filesmatch "\.(js)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=216000, private" </filesmatch> </ifmodule>
REDIRECT ErrorDocument 404 http://titaniccyber.blogspot.com
RewriteEngine On
#RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^img-(.+).jpg$ img.php?uid=$1
